We use a Jenkins job (v2.122) and the "Team Foundation Server plug-in" plug-in (v5.133.0) to checkout our sources under TFS.
The job always ends in error with an authentication error (see stack trace below), despite this error some of the sources are downloaded.
After several launches, all sources are recovered.

We use authentication via Credentials "Manual". In automatic mode the result is the same.
The user / password provided works very well. Tested OK under Visual Studio, Eclipse or with TF.exe.

Stack trace:

[EnvInject] - Loading node environment variables.
Building remotely on server01 in workspace C:\Jenkins\workspace\Checkout_Trunk
Querying for remote changeset at '$/Application/Trunk' as of 'D2018-05-28T13:17:31Z'...
Query result is: Changeset #34930 by 'user' on '2018-04-24T07:52:48Z'.
Listing workspaces from http://172.29.51.76:8080/tfs/Collection...
Getting version 'C34930' to 'C:\Jenkins\workspace\Checkout_Trunk'...
FATAL: hudson.remoting.ProxyException: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.exceptions.VersionControlException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.exceptions.TFSUnauthorizedException: Access denied connecting to TFS server http://172.29.51.76:8080/ (authenticating as user)
hudson.remoting.ProxyException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.ws.runtime.exceptions.UnauthorizedException: Authorization failure connecting to 'http://172.29.51.76:8080/tfs/Collection/VersionControl/v5.0/repository.asmx' (authenticating as user)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.ws.runtime.client.SOAPService.examineHeadersForFederatedAuthURL(SOAPService.java:1191)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.ws.runtime.client.SOAPService.executeSOAPRequestInternal(SOAPService.java:716)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.ws.runtime.client.SOAPService.executeSOAPRequest(SOAPService.java:475)
 at ms.tfs.versioncontrol.clientservices._03._Repository5Soap12Service.updateLocalVersion(_Repository5Soap12Service.java:1169)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.internal.WebServiceLayer.updateLocalVersion(WebServiceLayer.java:3634)
Caused: hudson.remoting.ProxyException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.exceptions.TFSUnauthorizedException: Access denied connecting to TFS server http://172.29.51.76:8080/ (authenticating as user)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.exceptions.mappers.TECoreExceptionMapper.map(TECoreExceptionMapper.java:77)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.exceptions.mappers.VersionControlExceptionMapper.map(VersionControlExceptionMapper.java:50)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.internal.WebServiceLayer.updateLocalVersion(WebServiceLayer.java:3650)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.internal.WebServiceLayer.updateLocalVersion(WebServiceLayer.java:3691)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.UpdateLocalVersionQueue.sendToServer(UpdateLocalVersionQueue.java:875)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.UpdateLocalVersionQueue.flush(UpdateLocalVersionQueue.java:498)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.UpdateLocalVersionQueue.queueUpdate(UpdateLocalVersionQueue.java:408)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.AsyncGetOperation.queueLocalVersionUpdate(AsyncGetOperation.java:312)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.workers.GetDownloadWorker.completeGetOperation(GetDownloadWorker.java:697)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.workers.GetDownloadWorker.call(GetDownloadWorker.java:168)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.workers.GetDownloadWorker.call(GetDownloadWorker.java:74)
 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
 at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source)
 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.internal.concurrent.BoundedExecutor$1.run(BoundedExecutor.java:96)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
Caused: hudson.remoting.ProxyException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.exceptions.VersionControlException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.exceptions.TFSUnauthorizedException: Access denied connecting to TFS server http://172.29.51.76:8080/ (authenticating as user)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.GetEngine.throwIfFatalError(GetEngine.java:3349)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.GetEngine.processOperationsInternal(GetEngine.java:1305)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.GetEngine.processOperations(GetEngine.java:1080)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.engines.internal.GetEngine.processGetOperations(GetEngine.java:900)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.soapextensions.Workspace.get(Workspace.java:2652)
Also:   hudson.remoting.Channel$CallSiteStackTrace: Remote call to JNLP4-connect connection from server01/172.29.51.37:53503
  at hudson.remoting.Channel.attachCallSiteStackTrace(Channel.java:1741)
  at hudson.remoting.UserRequest$ExceptionResponse.retrieve(UserRequest.java:357)
  at hudson.remoting.Channel.call(Channel.java:955)
  at hudson.plugins.tfs.model.Server.execute(Server.java:153)
  at hudson.plugins.tfs.model.Project.getFiles(Project.java:256)
  at hudson.plugins.tfs.actions.CheckoutAction.checkout(CheckoutAction.java:57)
  at hudson.plugins.tfs.TeamFoundationServerScm.checkout(TeamFoundationServerScm.java:274)
  at hudson.model.AbstractProject.checkout(AbstractProject.java:1208)
  at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractBuildExecution.defaultCheckout(AbstractBuild.java:574)
  at jenkins.scm.SCMCheckoutStrategy.checkout(SCMCheckoutStrategy.java:86)
  at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractBuildExecution.run(AbstractBuild.java:499)
  at hudson.model.Run.execute(Run.java:1794)
  at hudson.model.FreeStyleBuild.run(FreeStyleBuild.java:43)
  at hudson.model.ResourceController.execute(ResourceController.java:97)
  at hudson.model.Executor.run(Executor.java:429)
Caused: hudson.remoting.ProxyException: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.exceptions.VersionControlException: com.microsoft.tfs.core.exceptions.TFSUnauthorizedException: Access denied connecting to TFS server http://172.29.51.76:8080/ (authenticating as user)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.soapextensions.Workspace.get(Workspace.java:2666)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.soapextensions.Workspace.get(Workspace.java:2527)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.soapextensions.Workspace.get(Workspace.java:2515)
 at com.microsoft.tfs.core.clients.versioncontrol.soapextensions.Workspace.get(Workspace.java:2491)
 at hudson.plugins.tfs.commands.GetFilesToWorkFolderCommand.call(GetFilesToWorkFolderCommand.java:69)
 at hudson.plugins.tfs.commands.GetFilesToWorkFolderCommand.call(GetFilesToWorkFolderCommand.java:17)
 at hudson.remoting.UserRequest.perform(UserRequest.java:212)
 at hudson.remoting.UserRequest.perform(UserRequest.java:54)
 at hudson.remoting.Request$2.run(Request.java:369)
 at hudson.remoting.InterceptingExecutorService$1.call(InterceptingExecutorService.java:72)
 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
 at hudson.remoting.Engine$1.lambda$newThread$0(Engine.java:93)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused: java.lang.RuntimeException
 at hudson.plugins.tfs.model.Server.execute(Server.java:157)
 at hudson.plugins.tfs.model.Project.getFiles(Project.java:256)
 at hudson.plugins.tfs.actions.CheckoutAction.checkout(CheckoutAction.java:57)
 at hudson.plugins.tfs.TeamFoundationServerScm.checkout(TeamFoundationServerScm.java:274)
 at hudson.model.AbstractProject.checkout(AbstractProject.java:1208)
 at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractBuildExecution.defaultCheckout(AbstractBuild.java:574)
 at jenkins.scm.SCMCheckoutStrategy.checkout(SCMCheckoutStrategy.java:86)
 at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractBuildExecution.run(AbstractBuild.java:499)
 at hudson.model.Run.execute(Run.java:1794)
 at hudson.model.FreeStyleBuild.run(FreeStyleBuild.java:43)
 at hudson.model.ResourceController.execute(ResourceController.java:97)
 at hudson.model.Executor.run(Executor.java:429)
Started calculate disk usage of build
Finished Calculation of disk usage of build in 0 seconds
Started calculate disk usage of workspace
Finished Calculation of disk usage of workspace in 0 seconds
Finished: FAILURE